Brought about by one-party rule for decades. Look at the other liberal shitholes like Chicago, New York (and no, Bloomberg is NOT even a RINO), Los Angeles, and Boston, for starters.
I agree that these one party rules, for decades tend to not turn out so well. I have to emphasize though that in the case of Detroit, the political parties had zero to do with it. Instead, it was the party of corruption. Major Democratic figure both in Michigan and the National level did publicly condemn and attempt to stop the crooks in office in Detroit. There are voice mails left by the former mayor mocking those people for not being to stop him, as well as a dead stripper... It was a part of corruption, not a case study of political affiliations. There were major Republican players involved too, and billionaire like the gangster/businessman Matty Moroun.