Not legal advice, get hold of an attorney licensed in your state if you want that, but in general this is the lay of the land:
As far as getting drawn into his drama, even if he goes bankrupt and the trustee tries to reach out for any disbursements he made before filing (Yes, they can do that), the worst case is you would have to fork over the amount of the check to the bankruptcy trustee. If it was actually for work you did for which you could file a workman's lien on the property involved, that reach-back would likely not happen, since you'd likely become a priority creditor if you went through the necessary hoops in filing your own claim, but if you're only talking a couple of hundred bucks tops, it wouldn't likely be worth it to do anything like that.
The bank scam part is more of a problem, I echo what everybody else said about getting it straight into your hand from his bank. Without getting into a long discussion of the law of negotiable instruments, if he is enough of a scammer and a crook to boot, there is even a possible way you could end up holding the bag for the amount of the check plus transaction fees from your own bank, which does become considerably more likely if his check is on some overseas bank and not one with local US branches.
Kind of all depends on the amount. If it's just a couple of hundred bucks, might as well cash it (At his bank) but just hold the money back in reserve for a few months to make sure nothing goes south. If it's four figures or more, you need to talk to a local attorney.