Just like last time in the '70's the cost of building the vehicles to meet the standards will be passed on to the consumer. I remember when California did this (they were the first), and every vehicle shipped to Caifornia had approximately $250 added to the price for "California Emissions"......this was at a time when a new vehicle could be purchased for about seven grand.
This will also be added to the costs of an import as well.......meh......then when folks complain that they can't afford new vehicles, and production is cut....and union workers get laid off.....the spiral continues.
We all know how well this scam works now on the cost of refining umteen different grades of gasoline in order to meet all of the geographical restrictions.......basically it just increases the price.....
doc